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代谢组学 1

肠道屏障功能紊乱 1

肠道菌群 1

花粉过敏 1

超级计算；百亿亿次；应用软件 1

过敏性疾病 1

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Effect of natural aquatic humic substances on the photodegradation of bisphenol A

ZHAN Manjun, YANG Xi, KONG Lingren, YANG Hongshen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 311-315 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0052-y

摘要： The photochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the presence of natural humic sub stances from different origins under simulated solar irradiation. BPA underwent insignificant direct photolysis in neutral water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four humic substances solutions via pseudo-first-order reaction occurred. The photodegradation rate of BPA was insensitive to the different initial BPA concentrations and was inhibited in aerated solution compared with the deoxygenated medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ?·OH and O produced from excitation of humic substances under irradiation was determined from the quenching kinetic experiment using molecular probe. The five main intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Nordic lake fulvic acid (NOFA) were tentatively identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Based on the identification of ROS and the analysis of photoproduct formation, the possible phototransformation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving the direct photolysis due to the energy transfer from the triplet state humic substance (HS) to BPA molecules and hydroxyl radical addition and oxidation as well.

关键词： irradiation photoproduct deoxygenated possible phototransformation bisphenol

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Layered alkali titanates (ATiO): possible uses for energy/environment issues

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 631-655 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0776-6

摘要： Uses of layered alkali titanates (A₂Ti_nO₂_n₊₁; Na₂Ti₃O₇, K₂Ti₄O₉, and Cs₂Ti₅O₁₁) for energy and environmental issues are summarized. Layered alkali titanates of various structural types and compositions are regarded as a class of nanostructured materials based on titanium oxide frameworks. If compared with commonly known titanium dioxides (anatase and rutile), materials design based on layered alkali titanates is quite versatile due to the unique structure (nanosheet) and morphological characters (anisotropic particle shape). Recent development of various synthetic methods (solid-state reaction, flux method, and hydrothermal reaction) for controlling the particle shape and size of layered alkali titanates are discussed. The ion exchange ability of layered alkali titanate is used for the collection of metal ions from water as well as a way of their functionalization. These possible materials design made layered alkali titanates promising for energy (including catalysis, photocatalysts, and battery) and environmental (metal ion concentration from aqueous environments) applications.

关键词： layered alkali titanates photocatalysis hydrogen evdution metal ions collection

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Antioxidative potential of metformin: Possible protective mechanism against generating OH radicals

Huibin Guo, Ning Wang, Xiang Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1313-2

摘要： Abstract • Metformin consumes O2−• and OH• induced by PM are proposed. • OH• dominated the oxidation of metformin compared with O2−• • Metformin can prevent the harm of ROS induced by PM to human health. • Antioxidative potential of metformin was first proposed to provide measures. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) can lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative stress and endangers human health. In this study, the effects of metformin on PM-induced radicals were investigated, and the antioxidation reaction mechanism of metformin was analyzed by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The corresponding results revealed that the consumption rate of dithiothreitol (DTT) increased as the metformin concentration (0–40 mmol/L) increased under exposure to PM active components. Moreover, the OH radical content decreased as the metformin concentration increased. This result may be related to the consumption of PM-induced OH radicals by metformin, which promotes the DTT consumption rate. Additionally, because the initiation reaction has a high barrier, the oxidation reaction rate between metformin and •O2− is not very fast, although various catalysts may be present in the human environment. Importantly, we found that the barrier of metformin induced by OH radicals is only 9.6 kcal/mol while the barrier of metformin induced by oxygen is 57.9 kcal/mol, which shows that the rate of the •OH-initiated oxidative reaction of metformin is much faster and that this reaction path occurs more easily. By sample analysis, the mean OH radical generation was 55 nmol/min/g (ranging from 5 to 105 nmol/min/g) on haze days and 30 nmol/min/g (ranging from 10 to 50 nmol/min/g) on non-haze days. Moreover, OH radical generation was higher on haze days than on neighboring non-haze days. Taken together, all data suggest that metformin could consume the PM-induced radicals, such as OH radicals and •O2−, thereby providing health protection.

关键词： Antioxidative potential Metformin Mechanism OH radical Health protection.

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Distributed governance of Solar Radiation Management geoengineering: A possible solution to SRM’s “free-driver

Andrew LOCKLEY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 551-556 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0055-y

摘要： Geoengineering (deliberate climate modification) is a possible way to limit Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) (Shepherd, 2009; National Research Council, 2015). Solar Radiation Management geoengineering (SRM) offers relatively inexpensive, rapid temperature control. However, this low cost leads to a risk of controversial unilateral intervention—the “free-driver” problem (Weitzman, 2015). Consequently, this creates a risk of counter-geoengineering (deliberate warming) (Parker et al., 2018), resulting in governance challenges (Svoboda, 2017) akin to an arms race. Free-driver deployment scenarios previously considered include the rogue state, Greenfinger (Bodansky, 2013), or power blocs (Ricke et al., 2013), implying disagreement and conflict. We propose a novel distributed governance model of consensually-constrained unilateralism: Countries’ authority is limited to each state’s fraction of the maximum realistic intervention (e.g., pre-industrial temperature). We suggest a division of authority based on historical emissions (Rocha et al., 2015)—noting alternatives (e.g., population). To aid understanding, we offer an analogue: An over-heated train carriage, with passenger-controlled windows. We subsequently discuss the likely complexities, notably Coasian side-payments. Finally, we suggest further research: Algebraic, bot and human modeling; and observational studies.

关键词： geoengineering Solar Radiation Management governance decentralised

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Self-etching adhesives: possible new pulp capping agents to vital pulp therapy

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 77-79 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0104-8

摘要：

Pulp capping is one of the solving for keeping vital pulp in the case of dentin caries, reversible pulpitis or traumatic pulp exposure. The presence of bacteria on the cavity walls or in the pulp was the major factor that leads to the failure of pulp capping. Traditional pulp capping agent, calcium hydroxide, may not prevent microleakage. Self-etching system is a newly developed adhesive system, which could provide less microleakage and would not break down or dissolve, preventing the oral fluids and bacteria from the pulp along the cavity wall. This may reduce such clinical problems as postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries and marginal discoloration. Researches showed that some kinds of self-etching adhesives induced the mild to moderate inflammatory pulp response, with negative bacterial staining. Inclusion of antibacterial components into self-etching system, such as 12- methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) may inhibit bacteria and provide better clinical effects. It is speculated that using the self-etching adhesive system containing the antibacterial agent, such as MDPB, to the dental pulp directly or indirectly, may inhibit bacteria after the placement of restoration as well as residual bacteria in the cavity.

关键词： dental pulp pulp capping self-etching adhesives antibacterial components

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气候干预：对全球安全和恢复力可能产生的影响 Views & Comments

Marcia McNutt

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 50-51 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.015

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矢志不渝——为了心脏健康，与糖和脂肪“作斗争”

杨宝峰, 王睿

《工程（英文）》 2023年第20卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.003

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Experimental research on catalysts and their catalytic mechanism for hydrogen production by gasification of peanut shell in supercritical water

PEI Aixia, GUO Liejin, JIN Hui

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 451-456 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0066-2

摘要： Peanut shell, mixed with sodium carboxymethylcellulose, was gasified at a temperature of 450°C and a pressure range from 24 to 27 MPa with the presence of different catalysts, including KCO, ZnCl and Raney-Ni. The experimental results show that different catalysts have greatly different effects on the reaction. Gasification efficiency (GE), hydrogen gasification efficiency (GHE), carbon gasification efficiency (GCE), yield of hydrogen production ( ) and potential yield of hydrogen production () are applied to describe the catalytic efficiency. From the result of gaseous components, ZnCl has the highest hydrogen selectivity, KCO is lower, and Raney-Ni is the lowest, but Raney-Ni is the most favorable to gasify biomass among the three catalysts, and its , , reach 126.84%, 185.71%, 94.24%, respectively. As expected, hydrogen selectivity increased and CH reduced rapidly when the mixture of ZnCl and Raney-Ni is used under the same condition. The optimization mixture appeared when 0.2 g of ZnCl was added to 1 g of Raney-Ni, 43.56 g · kg of hydrogen pro duction was obtained. In addition, the catalytic mechanisms of different catalysts were analyzed, and the possible reaction pathway was brought forward, which helped to explain the experiment phenomena and results correctly.

关键词： presence Raney-Ni biomass optimization mixture possible reaction

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Possible solutions for sludge dewatering in China

Wei WANG, Yuxiang LUO, Wei QIAO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 102-107 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0001-z

摘要： In China, over 1.43×10 tons of dewatered sewage sludge, with 80% water content, were generated from wastewater treatment plants in 2007. About 60% of the COD removed during the wastewater treatment process becomes concentrated as sludge. Traditional disposal methods used by municipal solid waste treatment facilities, such as landfills, composting, or incineration, are unsuitable for sludge disposal because of its high water content. Disposal of sludge has therefore become a major focus of current environmental protection policies. The present status of sludge treatment and disposal methodology is introduced in this paper. Decreasing the energy consumption of sludge dewatering from 80% to 50% has been a key issue for safe and economic sludge disposal. In an analysis of sludge water distribution, thermal drying and hydrothermal conditioning processes are compared. Although thermal drying could result in an almost dry sludge, the energy consumption needed for this process is extremely high. In comparison, hydrothermal technology could achieve dewatered sewage sludge with a 50%–60% water content, which is suitable for composting, incineration, or landfill. The energy consumption of hydrothermal technology is lower than that required for thermal drying.

关键词： sewage sludge disposal water content thermal drying hydrothermal conditioning

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E级超算下应用软件发展的挑战与趋势 None

Guang-wen YANG, Hao-huan FU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第10期页码 1267-1272 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800459

摘要：在未来三到五年，多台百亿亿次超级计算机系统将在全球多个国家部署。面对前所未有的超强计算能力与超大并行规模，如何设计和实现相匹配的应用软件，成为当前高性能计算软件发展的重要挑战。以中国神威太湖之光超级计算机系统（峰值计算能力12.5亿亿次）及其相关应用挑战和解决方案为出发点，根据我们目前的经验，讨论未来十年全球超级计算机的软硬件发展方向，并提出未来高性能计算应用软件开发中将会遇到的潜在挑战和可能的发展趋势。

关键词：超级计算；百亿亿次；应用软件

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Possible role of power-to-heat and power-to-gas as flexible loads in German medium voltage networks

Mark KUPRAT, Martin BENDIG, Klaus PFEIFFER

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 135-145 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0472-8

摘要： Germany’s energy transition triggered a rapid and unilateral growth of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity sector. With increasing shares of intermittent RES, overcapacities during periods of strong wind and photovoltaic electricity generation occur. In the face of insufficient transmission capacities, due to an inhibited network extension, the electricity generation has to be curtailed. This curtailment of RES leads to economic losses and could be avoided through flexible loads. As an option to cope with those problems, the technologies of power-to-gas (PtG) and power-to-heat (PtH) are presented in this paper. First, the alkaline electrolyzer (AEL), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL), and solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) are investigated regarding their operational parameters. Second, the electric boiler, electrode heating boiler, and heat pumps are considered. Ultimately, the network-supporting abilities and the potential to provide ancillary services, such as control power, load sequence operation, cold start and part load capability, are compared among one another.

关键词： power-to-gas power-to-heat flexible loads ancillary services coherent energy systems

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Relationship between expression of hepatocyte grow factor and apoptosis of trophoblasts in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy

OUYANG Shan, ZHANG Qinghua, QIAO Fuyuan

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 386-389 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0075-6

摘要： The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Fas in placentas of uncomplicated pregnant women and those with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP), and elucidate the possible relationship between HGF and apoptosis of trophoblasts. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was undertaken to examine the concentration of HGF mRNA and Fas mRNA obtained from 34 cases of HDCP and 30 cases of uncomplicated pregnancy. The expression of HGF mRNA in mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and eclampsia cases was significantly lower than that in the uncomplicated cases (0.43±0.12, 0.38±0.09, 0.19±0.17 versus 0.67±0.19, <0.05), while the expression of Fas mRNA in mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and eclampisa cases was significantly higher than that in the uncomplicated cases (1.58±0.26, 2.96±0.14, 5.98±1.17 versus 1.01±0.36, <0.05). For HGF mRNA and Fas mRNA, there was no difference between gestational hypertension cases and control cases. Decreased HGF mRNA or increased Fas mRNA was found along with the progress of HDCP. Negative correlation was found between the expressions of HGF and Fas. These results indicate that HGF inhibits the apoptosis mediated by Fas, and the reduced expression of HGF in HDCP may be responsible for the apoptosis of trophoblasts.

关键词： pregnancy concentration possible relationship responsible hepatocyte

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Possible role of power-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid as storages and flexible loads in the German 110

Erik BLASIUS

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 146-154 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0475-5

摘要： The sectoral coupling of road traffic (in form of E-Mobility) and electrical energy supply (known as power-to-vehicle (P2V), vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is discussed as one of the possible development concepts for the flexible system integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and the support of the objectives of the German energy transition (aka. Energiewende). It is obvious that E-mobility, which shall produce as few emissions as possible, should be based on the exclusive use of renewable energies. At the same time, the E-mobility can help to reduce the negative effects of the grid integration of RES to the distribution grids. However, this assumes that the electric vehicles are smart integrated to the grids where they charge, meaning that they must be able to communicate and be controllable. Because per se unplanned and uncontrollable charging processes are harmful for the grid operation, especially if they occur frequently and unexpected in similar time periods, the effects can hardly be controlled and can lead to serious technical problems in practical grid operation. This paper provides an insight into the current development of E-mobility in Germany. The insight will be matched with the German development of the RES. By the combination of both sectors, the possible role of the E-mobility for the distribution grid will be depicted, which can have positive and negative aspects.

关键词： P2V V2G grid integration electric vehicles distribution grid

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多组学联用揭示花粉过敏基于肠道菌的新机制 Article

韩珮, 李丽莎, 王子熹, 锡琳, 于航, 丛林, 张正威, 符洁, 彭冉, 潘利斌, 马殊荣, 王学艳, 王洪田, 王向东, 王琰, 孙劲旅, 蒋建东

《工程（英文）》 2022年第15卷第8期页码 115-125 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.013

摘要：

由于过敏性疾病在世界范围内流行且尚无治愈方法，因此有必要探讨其病理生理机制。由于过敏性疾病与肠道菌群失调相关，本研究从宿主与微生物的分子层面，结合代谢组学和微生物组学，寻找可能的机制。本研究对SD大鼠注射青蒿花粉提取物以诱导其对花粉的过敏反应，这种过敏反应降低了血液中的缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、吲哚丙酸和肌醇浓度，并减少了粪便中的短链脂肪酸（SCFA）。来自于瘤胃球菌科（Ruminococcaceae）、毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae）和梭状芽孢杆菌（Clostridiales）的几个有益菌属在模型组中表达减少，而幽门螺杆菌Helicobacter 和阿克曼氏菌Akkermansia 仅在模型组中表达。此外，模型组肠道claudin-3 和肝脏脂肪酸结合蛋白表达下调，与代谢变化和细菌有关。本文的研究结果表明，氨基酸及其衍生物（尤其是缬氨酸和色氨酸的还原产物吲哚丙酸）、短链脂肪酸和肠道微生物（特别是幽门螺杆菌Helicobacter 和阿克曼氏菌Akkermansia）的改变可能通过抑制claudin蛋白表达和影响黏液层而破坏肠道屏障功能，进而导致花粉过敏。

关键词：代谢组学肠道菌群花粉过敏过敏性疾病肠道屏障功能紊乱